Genomic and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacillus cereus Biovar anthracis Isolated from Archival Bone Samples Reveals Earlier Natural History of the Pathogen
نویسندگان
چکیده
(1) Background: Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis (Bcbva) was the causative agent of an anthrax-like fatal disease among wild chimpanzees in 2001 Côte d’Ivoire. Before this, there had not been any description caused by typically avirulent cereus. Genetic analysis found that B. acquired two plasmids, one a pXO1-like toxin producing plasmid and other pXO2-like encoding capsule. Bcbva animal fatalities Cameroon, Democratic Republic Congo, Central African between 2004 2012. (2) Methods: The pathogen plasmids discovered as cause widespread early 2000s. Primate bones shipped out endemic zone for anthropological studies prior to realized danger contamination with Bcbva. Spores were isolated from bone fragments positively identified Strains characterized classical microbiological methods qPCR. Four new isolates whole-genome sequenced. Chromosomal phylogenomic performed provide temporal spatial context these strains previously sequenced Tau principal component analyses utilized identify genetic case patterns Taï National Park anthrax zone. (3) Results: Preliminary presence several archival fragments. animals question died 1994 2010. Previously, earliest 1996. Though has homogeneous genome, subset mappable revealed closer together generally more similar, duikers having widest distribution. Ancestral located mostly west park lower clustering compared recent isolates, indicating local increase diversity over space time. Global indicates distance are shared ancestral recently type strains. (4) Conclusions: Our have potential unveil historical genomic information available elsewhere. This sheds light on evolution emergence dangerous anthrax-causing pathogen.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Pathogens
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2076-0817']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12081065